ADAS (Advanced Driving Support System) is a part of a big concept of AD ( Autonomous Driving ).
Autonomous Driving is classified into five levels according to the degree of automation,
Levels 1 and 2 are positioned as "driving support", and so-called " Autonomous Driving " which the system judges is level 3 or higher.

ADAS is a "driving support function" to the last, and when a human drives a car.
It is a function to support how to avoid accidents and make it comfortable to reach the destination.
The main body is a human who is a driver, and it can be said that it is a function to support it.
In contrast Autonomous Driving above the goal is no longer car, where AI (artificial intelligence) is determined to be mounted without involvement of human,
It is an idea that it arrives at the destination.

■ This page will explain the differences and common points between ADAS and AD from the level of Autonomous Driving and technical point of view.
In addition, we will explain ZMP's approach to ADAS and AD.

ADAS is generally positioned at level 2 of Autonomous Driving . This means that the driver is the subject of decision making.
In other words,when an accident occurs the driver is responsible, that is,humans.

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) and AD ( Autonomous Driving ) are useful for extracting useful information from various sensors such as in-vehicle cameras and radars that sense information on the outside world, and data measured by sensors.There are many common technologies such as ECU, steering, accelerator, brake, etc, which controls the drive part of the car. ADAS development leads to the development of AD as it is.

The image at the time of advancing ADAS development is to take measures to "eliminate the cause of accident" or "minimize or minimize the damage". On the other hand, since Autonomous Driving is assumed to be unmanned and the system will operate, it is necessary to clear the safety standards beyond human driving. The fact that equipped with highly functional control equipment capable of Autonomous Driving makes ADAS functioning when driving a human being a very high standard.

The fundamental difference between ADAS and Autonomous Driving is the location of responsibility for driving.

Among levels 1 to 5 of Autonomous Driving , there is a responsibility to humans up to level 2, which is ADAS.
At level 3, if the operation can not be continued, the driver responds and becomes the main entity, but basically the system has the subject, it becomes Autonomous Driving .

In both level 2 and level 3, the system may perform the driving operation of the car such as accelerator, brake, steering, etc.
しかし、レベル2は運転の主体はドライバーで、レベル3になると、ヒトの対応条件によりますが、システムが自動車を制御中の場合、運転の主体はシステムとなります。

そして、レベル4以上では、運転は完全にシステムが運転の主体になります。

ヒトに責任がある場合は、これまでの運転と同様ですが、レベル3～5のシステム主体下で事故が起こった場合、現状ではシステムの責任を誰がどのようにとるのか明確ではありません。

日本では、自動車事故が発生した場合の責任の所在は、刑事・民事・行政の視点から考えることになりますが、現状の制度や法律は人間が運転することを前提にしており、ドライバーのいない自動運転には対応できていません。

In the future, it is necessary to develop a legal framework in order to make full use of Autonomous Driving in full scale and to spread it.

For example, consider paying insurance for accidents that occurred during Autonomous Driving .
If the accident happens due to the car maker's negligence, it is expected that the insurance company will make claims against that manufacturer.
In this way, discussion on practical application of Autonomous Driving and legal improvement is active actively in each direction.

Another difference between ADAS and AD ( Autonomous Driving ) is that Autonomous Driving operates only with the system, whereas human and system are involved in driving in ADAS, so that a bridge between them is necessary. Since humans and systems jointly operate cars, it is necessary for both parties to communicate smoothly. Therefore, the point to pay attention to when designing ADAS is the idea of ​​Human machine interface (HMI). This can be said as a protocol in which humans and machines communicate each other 's intention and information.

When a person sends a command to a car, the car detects the driving operation itself of the person.
On the contrary, the transmission from the car to the human being is visual display on the monitor, auditory sense that sounds a warning sound, tactile sense such as steering vibration.
​ ​In order for human to accurately recognize the information transmitted from the system, the design of the interface becomes important.

Information transmitted from the ADAS system to the driver is classified into three levels (information provision, warning, alarm).
In the early stage, when the system communicates information that the driver can not directly confirm,
If you do not tell the intent accurately, the driver misunderstands and it is dangerous.

If you do not decide the audiovisual display in an appropriate form, there is a risk that the operation will be delayed by mistake.
For example, in a situation where there is no time delay, there is a limited time to view, so it is necessary to notify the information immediately by a signal sound and instantaneously cause the driving behavior. In this way, we will endeavor to adopt a transmission format appropriately transmitted according to the situation.

Also, drivers with low proficiency in driving and without sufficient prior knowledge on ADAS functions are required to design interfaces that can move to appropriate actions. When designing the Human Machine Interface (HMI), it is necessary to consider the age of the driver and proficiency in driving, especially for older people and beginners of driving.

Although Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) that attempts to construct human, vehicle, and transportation infrastructure as comfortable, safe and highly efficient transportation systems using information and communication technologies, Autonomous Driving and ADAS.

The birth and mass production of automobiles has brought about a great revolution in migration, but since then it has predicted that the fundamental mechanism of human driving that has not changed for centuries , will change dramatically. Along with recent remarkable evolution of IT, IOT penetration, networking, AI (artificial intelligence) deep learning (deep learning), algorithms etc., systemization of Autonomous Driving is progressing rapidly.
In other words, the driving of a car will be switched from human to ADAS, and to the Autonomous Driving that ADAS has developed.

Changes in the dangerousness of driving of a car due to driver's condition change that can not be avoided by living human beings such as good or bad physical condition, aging, misunderstanding and concentration of concentration will be stabilized by the evolution of ADAS and Autonomous Driving . As ADAS and Autonomous Driving technology become more sophisticated, car movement will be more comfortable, the risk of accidents will be reduced, and road traffic will be safer.

Moreover, it is expected that not only traffic accident reduction, but also efficient traveling will reduce congestion and environmental burden, and will contribute greatly in solving problems in road traffic society. Autonomous Driving enters the practical stage, people who were previously devoted time and effort to driving are relieved from work, leisure is born, and dramatic changes in industrial structure are brought about.

Advancement has advanced further with the data base such as traffic data generated according to the Autonomous Driving and ADAS technology, the Autonomous Driving System becomes data driven type, and as the fusion of the Internet with the Internet progresses as symbolized by a connected car , AI (artificial intelligence) and software technology weights are on the rise.
As a platform indispensable for its progress, utilization of cloud services will also be emphasized in order to process huge amounts of data such as running video database, dynamic map etc.

Each car maker, such as Volkswagen, Toyota, Renault, Nissan, Mitsubishi, General Motors, Honda, Peugeot Citroën, Daimler, Mazda, Subaru, Daihatsu, Suzuki etc. make many investments, we are concentrating on how to raise added value to consumers and maintain and strengthen competitiveness by taking into account the trends of new technologies represented by ADAS and Autonomous Driving on vehicle manufacturing technology.

ZMP is working not only on automobiles, but also on automating various "moving objects".
We are also promoting automation of not only general cars but also taxis, logistics robots, home delivery robots, drone, etc. where autonomous movement is required.
ADAS (Advanced Driving Support System) and AD ( Autonomous Driving ) take three steps of recognition, judgment and operation,
We develop our own "brain" that is responsible for judging "eyes" responsible for cognition among them.

For both ADAS and AD, an important eye stereo camera for acquiring external information is a high sensitivity CMOS imager,
From pre-processing such as synchronization / parallelization / distortion correction, distance detection from parallax, object detection, etc., we are developing our own company.
For example, even with the same ADAS function, recognition and prediction such as other traffic and pedestrians on urban driving and expressway are greatly different.

In ZMP, practical running test of public roads in urban areas is practiced, accumulating huge amount of data and experience.
We are also working on technology development aiming at Autonomous Driving level 4.
As a matter of course, ADAS compliance is advancing the development of new devices and algorithms so as to realize AD and more advanced Autonomous Driving .

Toward realization of Autonomous Driving taxi service in 2020, while drawing ZMP "Society in which Autonomous Driving has been put to practical use in the future"
We are working on the development of Autonomous Driving technology aiming at level 4, dispatch application of taxi and so on.
In addition, we are engaged in business development through service development,through our own autonomous driving control development and applying technology developed through technological development to products, which enables us to use it as a development tool for ADAS / autonomous operation.

Below, we introduce the service utilizing Autonomous Driving technology.

Please contact us for inquiries about the above and products and materials request from below.